Stages of Parkinson’s disease: How symptoms change with time

Here is a situation. Close your eyes and picture yourself struggling with even the simplest of tasks without assistance. These could include enjoying a meal on your own, going out for a stroll, getting dressed, or just making conversation. 

Difficult, isn’t it? For people suffering from Parkinson’s Disease though, this is more than just imagination. It’s their reality, their everyday life. And it affects more people than you think. 

It is the most common neurodegenerative condition in the world, primarily affecting the nervous system, which in turn impairs body movements. As of now, there are around 10 million people affected by the disorder. It usually occurs among individuals between the ages of 50 and 65. However, there are cases of early onset as well. 

Parkinson’s is also a progressive disorder — which means that the symptoms, which are initially mild, worsen with time. Basis this progression, it has been categorized into five distinct stages. But before we list these, let us look at the most common symptoms of the disease first.

The early symptoms of Parkinson’s include: 

• Tremors
• Slowed movement
• Impaired walk 
• Rigid muscles
• Impaired posture and balance
• Loss of involuntary movements
• Speech impediment 
• Difficulty in writing

Five stages of Parkinson’s Disease 

Stage one

This is when Parkinson’s is at its mildest. At this stage, the symptoms are barely noticeable and don’t hamper one’s daily routine. However, immediate family and friends might notice some changes in facial expressions or posture. What stands out at this stage is that only one side of the body is affected by tremors. On the other hand, in some cases, stage one will not show any symptoms at all. That’s why, it is often difficult for doctors to make a diagnosis at this stage. He/she will wait for the symptoms to be more prominent before reaching a conclusion.

Stage 2 

The progression from stage one to two may take months or even years. At this stage, the disease will be categorized as moderate and the symptoms will be more visible. The most noticeable of these symptoms include:

• Stiffness 
• Tremors 
• Trembling
  

Moreover, the person may also undergo changes in facial expressions. And due to muscle stiffness, completing tasks will take longer than usual. Difficulties when walking as well as changes in posture may also be noticeable. Speech impediments are also likely. Trembling, which was restricted to one side of the body in stage one, will now start occurring on both sides.  

Most individuals in stage two are not dependent on others for day-to-day activities. However, as mentioned earlier, the time they take to complete a task will increase.

Stage 3

This is the turning point as this is when regular activities will become increasingly difficult, though one may still be able to live independently. The symptoms will be similar to stage two, but will be compounded by loss of balance and a noticeable decrease in reflexes. As a result, falls become more frequent.

Stage 4

At this stage, living an independent life becomes especially difficult. It might be possible to stand without any assistance, however walking or any other kind of movement will not be possible without help. Reflexes will slow down and assistance will become a part of life.

Stage 5

This is the most advanced stage of Parkinson’s disease. As walking and standing becomes almost impossible, the patient will require constant help, preferably with a wheelchair. In some cases, the affected person will be totally bedridden calling for round-the-clock aid. 

Also, around 30 percent of the people at this stage experience: 

• Confusion 
• Hallucinations 
• Delusion 

Dementia is also another common condition which the patient experiences during this stage. 

Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

Can such life-altering effects be mitigated? The answer is yes. This brings us to the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. As it is a progressive disorder, it is important to note that early intervention is key to halting further degeneration. 

At Plexus, a Bangalore-based Neuro and stem cell research centre, patients undergo the Regenerative Rehabilitation Program — a customized treatment program that aims at achieving the best possible results in minimum time. 

The Regenerative Rehabilitation Program includes: 

Stem cell therapy — is a painless, drugless process as no surgery is involved.  With their regenerative abilities, stem cells are implanted into the patient’s body and they replace the damaged cells. This therapy is coming up as one of the best possible solutions to Parkinson’s.  

Physiotherapy — focuses on the improvement of the patient’s mobility, posture, balance and gait. Moreover, the therapist also ensures that improvement in the patient’s strength and endurance.

Occupational Therapy — aims at making the patient independent by improving his/her capability to complete daily activities such as walking, having a meal, or taking a bath. 

Speech Therapy — focuses on the facial muscles, mouth, and throat. The therapist helps the patient regain his/her communication skills by involving various techniques including non-verbal communication.